Estimated build time: 14.71 SBU Estimated required disk space: 369 MB |
This package requires its patch to be applied before you can install it. Make sure it's unpacked before running the installation commands.
Before starting to install glibc, you must cd into the glibc-2.2.5 directory and unpack glibc-linuxthreads inside the glibc-2.2.5 directory, not in /usr/src as you normally would do.
This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its default optimization flags (including the -march and -mcpu options). Glibc is best left alone. Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables that override default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we recommend unsetting or modifying them when building Glibc. You have been warned.
Also, don't pass the --enable-kernel option to the configure script. It's known to cause segmentation faults when other packages like fileutils, make and tar are linked against it.
Basically, compiling Glibc in any other way than the book suggests is putting your system at very high risk.
Install Glibc by running the following commands:
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.2.5-2.patch && touch /etc/ld.so.conf && mkdir ../glibc-build && cd ../glibc-build && ../glibc-2.2.5/configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile \ --enable-add-ons --libexecdir=/usr/bin && echo "cross-compiling = no" > configparms && make && make install && make localedata/install-locales && exec /static/bin/bash --login |
An alternative to running make localedata/install-locales is to only install those locales which you need or want. This can be achieved using the localedef command. Information on this can be found in the INSTALL file in the glibc-2.2.5 tree. One thing to note is that the localedef program assumes that the /usr/lib/locale directory exists, so you need to create it first.
The Linux Threads man pages are not going to be installed at this point because it requires a working Perl installation. We'll install Perl later on in this chapter, so we'll come back to the Linux Threads man page installation after that.
During the configure stage you will see the following warning:
The missing msgfmt (from the gettext package which we will install later in this chapter) won't cause any problems. msgfmt is used to generate the binary translation files that are used to make your system talk in a different language. Because these translation files have already been generated for you, there is no need for msgfmt. You'd only need msgfmt if you change the translation source files (the *.po files in the po subdirectory) which would require you to re-generate the binary files.
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.2.5-2.patch: This patch converts all occurrences of $(PERL) to /usr/bin/perl in the malloc/Makefile file. This is done because Glibc can't autodetect the location of perl because perl has yet to be installed. The patch also replaces all occurrences of root with 0 in the login/Makefile file. This is done because Glibc itself isn't installed yet and therefore username to userid resolving isn't working yet, so a chown root file will fail, however it'll work fine if you use straight IDs.
The patch also contains a few bug fixes and security fixes. In particular it contains the "errlist", "dns resolver", "xdr_array", "calloc", "thread exit", "udivdi3", "math test", "restrict_arr" and "divbyzero" fixes which are documented at http://www.zipworld.com.au/~gschafer/lfs-tweaks.html.
touch /etc/ld.so.conf: One of the final steps of the Glibc installation is running ldconfig to update the dynamic loader cache. If this file doesn't exist, the installation will abort with an error that it can't read the file, so we simply create an empty file (the empty file will have Glibc default to using /lib and /usr/lib which is fine).
--disable-profile: This disables the building of libraries with profiling information. This command may be omitted if you plan to do profiling.
--enable-add-ons: This enables the add-on that we install with Glibc, linuxthreads
--libexecdir=/usr/bin: This will cause the pt_chown program to be installed in the /usr/bin directory.
echo "cross-compiling = no" > configparms: We do this because we are only building for our own system. Cross-compiling is used, for instance, to build a package for an Apple Power PC on an Intel system. The reason Glibc thinks we're cross-compiling is that it can't compile a test program to determine this, so it automatically defaults to a cross-compiler. Compiling the test program fails because Glibc hasn't been installed yet.
exec /bin/bash:This command will start a new bash shell which will replace the current shell. This is done to get rid of the "I have no name!" message in the command prompt, which was caused by bash's inability to resolve a user ID to a user name (which in turn was caused by the absence of Glibc).
Last checked against version 2.2.5.
catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, glibcbug, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic
catchsegv can be used to create a stack trace when a program terminates with a segmentation fault.
gencat generates message catalogues.
getconf displays the system configuration values for filesystem specific variables.
getent gets entries from an administrative database.
glibcbug creates a bug report about glibc and and mails it to the bug email address.
iconv performs character set conversion.
iconvconfig creates fastloading iconv module configuration file.
ldconfig configures the dynamic linker run time bindings.
ldd prints the shared libraries required by each program or shared library specified on the command line.
lddlibc4 assists ldd with object files.
locale is a Perl program which tells the compiler to enable (or disable) the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations.
localedef compiles locale specifications.
mtrace prints the multicast path from a source to a receiver (an IP trace query).
nscd is a daemon that provides a cache for the most common name service requests.
nscd_nischeck checks whether or not secure mode is necessary for NIS+ lookup.
pcprofiledump dumps information generated by PC profiling.
pt_chown sets the owner, group and access permission of the slave pseudo terminal corresponding to the master pseudo terminal passed on file descriptor `3'. This is the helper program for the `grantpt' function. It is not intended to be run directly from the command line.
rpcgen generates C code to implement the RPC protocol.
rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server.
sln symbolically links dest to source. It is statically linked, needing no dynamic linking at all. Thus sln is useful to make symbolic links to dynamic libraries if the dynamic linking system for some reason is nonfunctional.
sprof reads and displays shared object profiling data.
tzselect asks the user for information about the current location and outputs the resulting time zone description to standard output.
xtrace traces execution of program by printing the currently executed function.
zdump is the time zone dumper.
zic is the time zone compiler.
ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libBrokenLocale_p.a, libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libanl_p.a, libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libc_p.a, libcrypt.[a,so], libcrypt_p.a, libdl.[a,so], libdl_p.a, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libm_p.a, libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnsl_p.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libpthread_p.a, libresolv.[a,so], libresolv_p.a, librpcsvc.a, librpcsvc_p.a, librt.[a,so], librt_p.a, libthread_db.so, libutil.[a,so] and libutil_p.a
ld.so is the helper program for shared library executables.
Used by software, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales.
libSegFault is a segmentation fault signal handler. It tries to catch segfaults.
libanl is an asynchronous name lookup library.
libbsd-compat provides the portability needed in order to run certain programs in Linux.
These files constitute the main C library. The C library is a collection of commonly used functions in programs. This way a programmer doesn't need to create his own functions for every single task. The most common things like writing a string to the screen are already present and at the disposal of the programmer.
The C library (actually almost every library) comes in two flavors: a dynamic and a static one. In short, when a program uses a static C library, the code from the C library is copied into the executable file. When a program uses a dynamic library, the executable will not contain the code from the C library, but instead a routine that loads the functions from the library at the time the program is run. This means a significant decrease in the file size of a program. The documentation that comes with the C library describes this in more detail, as it is too complicated to explain here in one or two lines.
libcrypt is the cryptography library.
libdl is the dynamic linking interface library.
libg is a runtime library for g++.
libieee is the IEEE floating point library.
libm is the mathematical library.
libmcheck contains code run at boot.
libmemusage is used by memusage to help collect information about the memory usage of a program.
libnsl is the network services library.
The basic idea is to put the implementation of the different services offered to access the databases in separate modules. This has some advantages:
contributors can add new services without adding them to GNU C library,
the modules can be updated separately,
the C library image is smaller.
Code used by the kernel to track CPU time spent in functions, source code lines, and instructions.
The POSIX threads library.
Functions in this library provide for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers.
Functions in this library provide miscellaneous RPC services.
Functions in this library provide most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension.
Functions is this library are useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs.
Contains code for "standard" functions used in many different Unix utilities.
Last checked against version 2.2.5.
Bash: sh
Binutils: ar, as, ld, ranlib, readelf
Diffutils: cmp
Fileutils: chmod, cp, install, ln, mknod, mv, mkdir, rm, touch
Gcc: cc, cc1, collect2, cpp, gcc
Grep: egrep, grep
Gzip: gzip
Make: make
Gawk: gawk
Sed: sed
Sh-utils: date, expr, hostname, pwd, uname
Texinfo: install-info, makeinfo
Textutils: cat, cut, sort, tr